Incandescent oil-lamp.



E. E. FLORA.

INCANDESCENT OIL LAMP.

(Application tiled May 9,- 1902.)

(No Model.)

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m: mams PETERS co. Pnoaumo. wnsnwemu. u cv UNTTED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

ELLSWORTH E. FLORA, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, ASSIGNOR TO THOMAS J. LOVETT, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.

INCANDESCENT OIL-LAM P.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 71 1,153, dated Oei-.eher 1,4v1 9Q2.m W A Application lefl May 9| 1902 Serial No. 106,615. (No model.)

T0 all whom, it may concern:

Be it known that I, ELLSWOETH E. FLORA, a citizen of the United States, residing at Chicago, in the county of Cook and State of Illinois, have invented new and useful Improvements in Incandescent Oil-Lamps, of which the following is a specification.

My object is to provide an oil-burning incandescent lamp of 'improved construction in the use of which comparatively great illuminating power may be obtained at a minimum expense of hydrocarbon oil and wherein oil of the grade usually employed in kerosenelamps may be used without danger of offensive odor and without material wear of the wick.

In carrying out my invention I employ an annular burner surmounted by an incandescent hood or mantle and having an oil-conducting wick, all so arranged that the oil from the wick is gasiied by the heat of the burner, then mixed with air, and then discharged and ignited in the mantle, whereby a blue iiame, the result of substantially perfect combustion, is produced far enough away from the Wick to avoid chai-ring the same and of a volume and intensity which renders the hood or mantle employed incandescent throughout.

In the drawings, Figure l is a broken View showing my improved burner in vertical section, and Fig. 2 a plan section on line 2 in Fig. l.

A is the font or oil-reservoir of a lamp, having the usual threaded burner-engaging collar ct. The burner, as I prefer to construct it, is in two main readily-separable parts B and C. The lower part B consists of annular concentric tubes b c, forming between them an annular tube or chamber for a wick X, a

chamber or casing d around and in fixed re.

lation to the lower part of the tubes b c, having a perforated cup-shaped base e and imperforate frusto-conical top f, and an adjustable extension g. The tube b is threaded along its lower end portion to enter and engage the collar a and hold the part B firmly upon the lamp-body, and theinner tube c forms a central draft-tube, closed at its base to the font or oil-reservoir. A narrow vertically-elongated passage 77. extends between the chamber d and the central draft-tube, and the wick is split to pass across the same. In the, chamber d and extending through the outer tube b is wick raising and lowering mechanism B of common construction. On the casing d is an annular seating-flange f and an annular seat f2 around the tube b. The tube extension g is perforated throughout, as shown, and fits and slides along its lower end portion vertically in the draft-tube c. In the top of the tube extension gis a plug g', provided with a central threaded opening` fitted with an adjusting-screw t'. In the lower end portion of the tube extension gis a vertical slot g2, itting over a pin c' in the tube c, which prevents axial turning of the tube extension g in the tube c. The upper removable part C of the burner comprises a perforated cylindrical wall 7c, having a base-fiange 7c and threaded upper part k2, a central tube C', connected with the wall 7c by a spider Z, and a gallery C2, screwed upon the threaded portion 7a2 of the Wall c. The tube C' is formed with a cylindrical lower part m and a frustoconical upper part fn. At the lower end of the part mis an inner annular spacing-ange m', which [its about the tube l) and rests upon the seat f2, while the flange k' rests upon the seat f. At the top of the tube C is an imperforate cap y n', formed with a spreaderflange n2 and carrying a socket-piece n3. On the under side of the cap n isapair of downward-projecting pins or studs n4, adapted to enter sockets t" iu the head of the screw z'. The gallery C2 has an outer wall pto receive a chimneyY and an inward-projecting frustoconical dome or hood p'. The perforated wall 7.: and dome p' form an air-inlet chamber with an annular outletp2 at the top about the frusto-conical portion of the tube C. The tube C forms the external Wall of. an annular mixing-chamber r above the wick-tube b and about the tube extension g. The tube C is provided along the lower part of the cylindrical portion fm with a series of perforations fm2, as shown, and also with an annulaiseries of perforations m3, adjacent to the top of the tube b. The truste-conical portion n of the 'tube C' surrounding the tube extension g is provided with aseries of perforations n.5, forming the burner-openings.

` heat the inner tube extension g and wicktube. These parts become sufficiently heated in about a minutes time, and the flame at the wick may then be extinguished, as by blowing it out. The part C is then replaced, and the stored heat in the tube g and wick-tubes c b has the effect of gasifying the oil rising to the top of the wick, and this gas rises in the mixing-chamber r between the tubes C g and escapes through the perforations'n5 of the 'tube C into the mantle D. A match is then applied to the mantle to ignite the gas as it escapes from the burner-openings nf.

As the oil at the Wick is volatilized it is met by a current of air passing through the perforations m2 m3 and by another current of air passing upward through the central drafttube and escaping through the perforated tube extension g. It is also met by air eutering through the lower perforations a5 below the top of the hood p. These air-currents entering from below and opposite sides of the mixing-chamber eect a thorough intimate mixing of atmospheric air with the large volume of burning duid. The air escaping upward through the passage p2 tends to mix with and direct the iiuid into the mantle in such a way that the products of combustion in the form of a blue dame ofintense heat are directed into the mantle to render the latter incandescent approximately throughout. The flame extends from all the perforations ns above the opening p2, and the tubes C g are maintained at a temperature sufficiently high to gasify the oil as fast as it is brought to the top of the wick.

The supply of gas may be regulated by raising and lowering the wick, and the inner and outer air-currents may be regulated by raising or lowering the dome p' upon the thread k2 and by raising or lowering the inner tube extensionlg. To produce the best results, the inner and outer air-currents should balance, and this can be regulated for the most part by raising or lowering the tube g. When the part C is placed in position, the tube g may be raised to the highest point in the tube c and the pins n4 on the cap n will enter the sockets t" in the'head of the screw vl. lf the air-current from the inner air-passage is found to be so strong as to unduly spread the flame, the tube g may be lowered by turning the part C upon the part B in the direction which will cause the screw t' to lower the tube g. This lowering of the tube g reduces the number of perforations above the wick-tube through which air from the central draftpassage can escape, and thus reduces the central draft. As before stated, the oil is ignited at the wick initially for a time long enough merely to heat the tube forming the inner wall of the mixing-chamber, the liame at the wick being then extinguished. Thus there is very little wear upon the wick, and it is too far below the flame at the mantle to be charred thereby.

While I prefer to construct my improvements throughout as shown and described, they may be variously modified in the matter of details of construction without departing from the spirit of my invention as defined by the claims.

What I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. In a liquid-hydrocarbon mantle-incandescing burner, the combination of an air and gas mixing chamber, having perforated external and internal heat-conducting walls, the upper part of said external wall forming the heat-generating portion of the burner surrounded by the mantle, and a Wick entering the lower part of said chamber, substantially as set forth.

2. In a lamp, the combination with aliquidhydrocarbon reservoir, of a mantle -incandescing burner having au air and gas mixing chamber with perforated external and internal air-inlet and heat-conducting walls, 'and a wick entering the lower part of said chamber from the reservoir, said external wall having burner-openings in its upper part, surrounded by the mantle, and forming the heat-generating portion of the burner, substantially as set forth.

3. In alamp, the combination with a liquidhydrocarbon reservoir, of a mantle-incandescing burner having a central draft-tube, an annular wick-tube surrounding said drafttube, a perforated centraldrafttube extension forming the inner heat-conducting wall of a mixing-chamber above the wicktube, a tube surrounding said wick-tube and said tube extension, forming an outer heatconducting wall of said mixing chamber closed at its upper end and having a lower series of air-inlet openings, and having an upper series of burner-outlets forming the heat-generating portion of the burner surrounded by the mantle, and an air-supply chamber, about said outer wall of the mixing-chamber, having a narrow annular draftopening around the upper portion of said mixing-chamber, substantially as set forth.

4. In a lamp, the combination with a liquidhydrocarbon reservoir lof a mantle incandescing burner having a central draft-tube, an annular wick-tube surrounding said drafttube, a perforated central-draft-tube extension forming the inner heat-conducting wall of a mixing-chamber above the Wicktube, means for raising and lowering said draft-tube extension in said drafttube, a tube surrounding said wicktube and said IOO IIO

tube extension, forming the outer' heat-oondueting Wall of said mixing-chamber closed at its upper end and having a lower Series of air-inlet openings, and having an upper series of burner-outlets forming the heat-generating portion of the burner surrounded by the mantle, and an air-supply chamber, about said outer Wall of the mixing-chamber, having a narrow7 annular draft-opening around the upper portion of said mixing-chamber, substantially as set forth.

5. In a lamp, the combination with a liquidhydrocarbon reservoir, of a mantle-incandescing burner having a central draft-tube, an annular Wick surrounding said draft-tube, a perforated central-draft-tube extension forming the inner heat-conducting Wall of a mixin g-ohamber above the wick-tube, a tube,hav ing a cylindrical part surrounding` said Wiektube, and a truste-conical part surrounding said tube extension, forming the outer heatcondueting Wall of said mixing chamber closed at its upper end and having a lower series of air-inlet openings about the Wick-tube and having an upper series of burner-outlets forming the heat-generating portion of the burner surrounded by the mantle, and an air-supply chamber about said outer wall of the mixing-chamber, having a narrow annular draft-opening around the upper portion of said mixing-chamber, substantially as described.

b'. In a lamp, the combination with a liquidhydrocarbon reservoir of a mantle-incandescing burner havinga central draft-tube, an annular Wick-tube surrounding said draft-tube, a perforated central draft tube extension forming the inner heat-conducting Wall of a mixing-chamber above the Wick-tube, a tube surrounding said Wick-tube and said tube eX- of the mixing-chamber having a narrow annular draft-opening around the upper portion of said mixing-chamber With means for varying the size of said annular draft-opening, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

7. In a lamp, the combination With a liquidhydrocarbon reservoir, of a mantle-incandeseing burner formed of two main readily separable and replaceable parts, one said part comprising a wick-tube, a central draft-tube surrounded by said Wick-tube, a perforated tubular extension of said central draft-tube forming the inner air-inlet and heat-conducting wall of an annular mixing-chamber above the Wick-tube, and the other said part comprising a central perforated tube forming the outer air-inlet and heat-conducting Wall of said mixing-chamber, a chamber about said eentral tube having a perforated cylindrical outer Wall, a frusto-conical hood forming a narrow draft-opening about said central perforated tube, an imperforate cap at the top of said central perforated tube provided with a spreader-flange, a socket-piece on said cap, a mantle-support mounted in said socket-piece, and a mantle upon said support, all constructed and arranged to operate substantially as set forth.

ELLSWORTH E. FLORA.

ALBERT S. BACCI, M. S. MACKENZIE. 

